Problem sets are not unlike the exam questions.
Descriptive statistics is taking lots of data and organizing and summarizing data sets.
Inferential statistics is making conclusions or inference about the data.
Page 4. Doing research is discovering facts...How can we know a fact is a fact?
- Fact = Objective knowledge that comes from systematic analysis (bias and all other contaminants have been removed or bracketed) This is a 19th century concept, but this has been shown to be out-dated.
- Nothing can be proved and nothing can be disproved.
- Methods are placed in the spotlight to be set as the warrant for the conclusions, but methods may have assumptions that are not correct.
Method -> Truth (traditional)
Background -> Questions/Hypothesis -> Plan/Methods -> Products (Alternative)
Empirical method is knowing truth through sensory observation. Assumption is that truth exists in sensory observation aka physical universe. Illusions are one way this method fails.
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